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the highest point

  • 1 capud

    căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

    capiti,

    Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
    I.
    The head, of men and animals:

    oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

    Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

    tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

    cano capite,

    id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

    capitis nives,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

    raso capite calvus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

    irraso,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

    intonsum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    amputare alicui,

    Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

    capite operto,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

    obvoluto,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

    caput aperire,

    id. ib.:

    abscindere cervicibus,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

    demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

    extollere,

    to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
    b.
    Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

    ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

    over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

    nec caput nec pedes,

    neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
    c.
    Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
    d.
    Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

    aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

    run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
    e.
    Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate things.
    a.
    In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

    ulpici,

    Cato, R. R. 71:

    allii,

    Col. 6, 34, 1:

    porri,

    id. 11, 3, 17:

    papaveris,

    Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

    bulborum,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

    caulis,

    id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

    jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

    Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

    extorum,

    Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

    tignorum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

    columnae,

    Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

    molis,

    the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

    xysti,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

    porticus,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
    b.
    Esp., of rivers,
    (α).
    The origin, source, spring ( head):

    caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

    Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

    fontium,

    Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
    (β).
    (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
    c.
    Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
    d.
    Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
    e.
    Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
    f.
    Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

    hence, facere,

    to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
    II.
    Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

    v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

    hoc conruptum'st caput,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

    siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

    ridiculum caput!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

    festivum,

    id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

    lepidum,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

    carum,

    Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

    liberum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    vilia,

    Liv. 25, 6, 9:

    viliora,

    id. 9, 26, 22:

    vilissima,

    id. 24, 5, 13:

    ignota,

    id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

    liberorum servorumque,

    id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

    istic capiti dicito,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

    vae capiti tuo,

    id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

    capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

    souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

    quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

    in singulos,

    id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

    exactio capitum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

    capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

    Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Life, and specif.,
    a.
    Physical life:

    carum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

    si capitis res siet,

    if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

    capitis poena,

    capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

    pactum pro capite pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

    cum dimicatione capitis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    suo capite decernere,

    id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

    caput offerre pro patriā,

    Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

    patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

    Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

    capitis accusare,

    to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

    absolvere,

    id. Milt. 7, 6:

    damnare,

    id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55, 14:

    caput Jovi sacrum,

    id. 3, 55, 7:

    sacratum,

    id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
    b.
    Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

    cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

    Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

    capitis minor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

    servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

    Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    2. (α).
    With gen.:

    scelerum,

    an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

    perjuri,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

    concitandorum Graecorum,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

    consilil,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    conjurationis,

    id. 9, 26, 7:

    caput rei Romanae Camillus,

    id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

    id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

    reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    nominis Latini,

    heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    belli,

    id. 45, 7, 3:

    Suevorum,

    chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

    capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

    Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    With esse and dat.:

    ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

    illic est huic rei caput,

    author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    corpori valido caput deerat,

    guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

    esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

    id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

    thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

    head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

    pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

    Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

    Romam caput Latio esse,

    id. 8, 4, 5; and:

    brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

    id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

    castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

    the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

    jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

    the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    patrimonii publici,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

    caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

    id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

    ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

    litterarum,

    summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    caput Epicuri,

    the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

    a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

    id quod caput est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

    opp. usurae),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > capud

  • 2 caput

    căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

    capiti,

    Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
    I.
    The head, of men and animals:

    oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

    Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

    tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

    cano capite,

    id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

    capitis nives,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

    raso capite calvus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

    irraso,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

    intonsum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    amputare alicui,

    Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

    capite operto,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

    obvoluto,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

    caput aperire,

    id. ib.:

    abscindere cervicibus,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

    demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

    extollere,

    to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
    b.
    Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

    ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

    over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

    nec caput nec pedes,

    neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
    c.
    Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
    d.
    Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

    aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

    run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
    e.
    Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate things.
    a.
    In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

    ulpici,

    Cato, R. R. 71:

    allii,

    Col. 6, 34, 1:

    porri,

    id. 11, 3, 17:

    papaveris,

    Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

    bulborum,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

    caulis,

    id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

    jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

    Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

    extorum,

    Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

    tignorum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

    columnae,

    Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

    molis,

    the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

    xysti,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

    porticus,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
    b.
    Esp., of rivers,
    (α).
    The origin, source, spring ( head):

    caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

    Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

    fontium,

    Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
    (β).
    (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
    c.
    Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
    d.
    Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
    e.
    Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
    f.
    Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

    hence, facere,

    to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
    II.
    Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

    v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

    hoc conruptum'st caput,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

    siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

    ridiculum caput!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

    festivum,

    id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

    lepidum,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

    carum,

    Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

    liberum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    vilia,

    Liv. 25, 6, 9:

    viliora,

    id. 9, 26, 22:

    vilissima,

    id. 24, 5, 13:

    ignota,

    id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

    liberorum servorumque,

    id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

    istic capiti dicito,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

    vae capiti tuo,

    id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

    capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

    souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

    quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

    in singulos,

    id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

    exactio capitum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

    capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

    Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Life, and specif.,
    a.
    Physical life:

    carum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

    si capitis res siet,

    if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

    capitis poena,

    capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

    pactum pro capite pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

    cum dimicatione capitis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    suo capite decernere,

    id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

    caput offerre pro patriā,

    Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

    patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

    Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

    capitis accusare,

    to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

    absolvere,

    id. Milt. 7, 6:

    damnare,

    id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55, 14:

    caput Jovi sacrum,

    id. 3, 55, 7:

    sacratum,

    id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
    b.
    Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

    cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

    Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

    capitis minor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

    servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

    Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    2. (α).
    With gen.:

    scelerum,

    an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

    perjuri,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

    concitandorum Graecorum,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

    consilil,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    conjurationis,

    id. 9, 26, 7:

    caput rei Romanae Camillus,

    id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

    id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

    reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    nominis Latini,

    heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    belli,

    id. 45, 7, 3:

    Suevorum,

    chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

    capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

    Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    With esse and dat.:

    ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

    illic est huic rei caput,

    author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    corpori valido caput deerat,

    guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

    esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

    id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

    thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

    head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

    pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

    Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

    Romam caput Latio esse,

    id. 8, 4, 5; and:

    brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

    id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

    castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

    the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

    jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

    the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    patrimonii publici,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

    caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

    id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

    ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

    litterarum,

    summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    caput Epicuri,

    the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

    a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

    id quod caput est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

    opp. usurae),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caput

  • 3 kaput

    căpŭt ( kăp-căpud), ĭtis ( abl. sing. regularly capite:

    capiti,

    Cat. 68, 124; cf. Tib. 1, 1, 72 Huschk., where the MSS., as well as Caes. German. Arat. 213, vary between the two forms), n. [kindr. with Sanscr. kap-āla; Gr. keph-alê; Goth. haubith; Germ. Haupt].
    I.
    The head, of men and animals:

    oscitat in campis caput a cervice revolsum,

    Enn. Ann. 462 Vahl.: i lictor, conliga manus, caput obnubito, form. ap. Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 13; cf. Liv. 1, 26, 6:

    tun' capite cano amas, homo nequissume?

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 2, 34; so,

    cano capite,

    id. As. 5, 2, 84; id. Cas. 3, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 1, 72; Pers. 1, 83 al.; cf. Tib. 1, 10, 43, and:

    capitis nives,

    Hor. C. 4, 13, 12, and Quint. 8, 6, 17 Spald.:

    raso capite calvus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 306:

    irraso,

    id. Rud. 5, 2, 16:

    intonsum,

    Quint. 12, 10, 47:

    amputare alicui,

    Suet. Galb. 20; Vulg. 1 Par. 10, 9:

    capite operto,

    Cic. Sen. 10, 34, 34:

    obvoluto,

    id. Phil. 2, 31, 77 Klotz:

    caput aperire,

    id. ib.:

    abscindere cervicibus,

    id. ib. 11, 2, 5:

    demittere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 32; Cat. 87, 8; Verg. A. 9, 437: attollere. Ov. M. 5, 503:

    extollere,

    to become bold, Cic. Planc. 13, 33: efferre, to raise one ' s head, to be eminent, Verg. E. 1, 25 al.—Of animals, Tib. 2, 1, 8; Hor. S. 1, 2, 89; 2, 3, 200; id. Ep. 1, 1, 76 al.—
    b.
    Prov.: supra caput esse, to be over one ' s head, i. e. to be at one ' s very doors, to threaten in consequence of nearness ( = imminere, impendere), Sall. C. 52, 24; Liv. 3, 17, 2; Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. Kritz ad Sall. l. l.: capita conferre (like our phrase to put heads together, i. e to confer together in secret), Liv. 2, 45, 7:

    ire praecipitem in lutum, per caputque pedesque,

    over head and ears, Cat. 17, 9:

    nec caput nec pedes,

    neither beginning nor end, good for nothing, Cic. Fam. 7, 31, 2; cf. Cato ap. Liv. Epit. lib. 50; Plaut. As. 3, 3, 139 sq.—
    c.
    Capita aut navia (al. navim), heads or tails, a play of the Roman youth in which a piece of money is thrown up, to see whether the figure-side (the head of Janus) or the reverse - side (a ship) will fall uppermost, Macr. S. 1, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 3; cf. Ov. F. 1, 239; Paul. Nol. Poëm. 38, 73.—
    d.
    Poet., the head, as the seat of the understanding:

    aliena negotia Per caput saliunt,

    run through the head, Hor. S. 2, 6, 34; so id. ib. 2, 3, 132; id. A. P. 300.—
    e.
    Ad Capita bubula, a place in Rome in the tenth region, where Augustus was born, Suet. Aug. 5.—
    2.
    Transf., of inanimate things.
    a.
    In gen., the head, top, summit, point, end, extremity (beginning or end):

    ulpici,

    Cato, R. R. 71:

    allii,

    Col. 6, 34, 1:

    porri,

    id. 11, 3, 17:

    papaveris,

    Liv. 1, 54, 6; Verg. A. 9, 437:

    bulborum,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 94:

    caulis,

    id. 19, 8, 41, § 140 al.:

    jecoris (or jecinoris, jocinoris),

    Cic. Div. 2, 13, 32; Liv. 8, 9, 1; cf. id. 27, 26, 14; 41, 14, 7; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 244 Müll.:

    extorum,

    Ov. M. 15, 795; Luc. 1, 627; Plin. 11, 37, 73, § 189: pontis, tēte de pont, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 4; cf. Front. Arat. 2, 13, 5:

    tignorum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9:

    columnae,

    Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13:

    molis,

    the highest point of the mole, Curt. 4, 2, 23:

    xysti,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 20:

    porticus,

    id. ib. 5, 6, 19 al.—
    b.
    Esp., of rivers,
    (α).
    The origin, source, spring ( head):

    caput aquae illud est, unde aqua nascitur,

    Dig. 43, 20, 1, § 8; so Lucr. 5, 270; 6, 636; 6, 729; Tib. 1, 7, 24; Hor. C. 1, 1, 22; id. S. 1, 10, 37; Verg. G. 4, 319; 4, 368; Ov. M. 2, 255; Hirt. B. G. 8, 41; Liv. 1, 51, 9; 2, 38, 1; 37, 18, 6:

    fontium,

    Vitr. 8, 1; Mel. 3, 2, 8; Plin. Ep. 8, 8, 5; 10, 91, 1 al.—
    (β).
    (more rare) The mouth, embouchure, Caes. B. G. 4, 10; Liv. 33, 41, 7; Luc. 2, 52; 3, 202.—
    c.
    Also of plants, sometimes the root, Cato, R. R. 36; 43; 51:

    vitis,

    id. ib. 33, 1; 95, 2; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 195; Verg. G. 2, 355.—
    d.
    Also, in reference to the vine, vine branches, Col. 3, 10, 1; Cic. Sen. 15, 53.— Poet., also the summit, top of trees, Enn. ap. Gell. 13, 20, and ap. Non. 195, 24; Ov. M. 1, 567; Poët. ap. Quint. 9, 4, 90; Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 370. —
    e.
    Of mountains, rocks, Verg. A. 4, 249; 6, 360.—
    f.
    Of a boil that swells out, Cels. 8, 9;

    hence, facere,

    to come to a head, Plin. 22, 25, 76, § 159; 26, 12, 77, § 125; cf.: capita deorum appellabantur fasciculi facti ex verbenis, Paul. ex Fest. p. 64 Müll.—
    II.
    Per meton. (pars pro toto), a man, person, or animal (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf. kara, kephalê,, in the same signif.;

    v. Liddell and Scott and Robinson): pro capite tuo quantum dedit,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 54; id. Pers. 1, 1, 37:

    hoc conruptum'st caput,

    id. Ep. 1, 1, 85:

    siquidem hoc vivet caput, i. e. ego,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 33; so id. Stich. 5, 5, 10; cf. id. Capt. 5, 1, 25:

    ridiculum caput!

    Ter. And. 2, 2, 34:

    festivum,

    id. Ad. 2, 3, 8:

    lepidum,

    id. ib. 5, 9, 9:

    carum,

    Verg. A. 4, 354; Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

    liberum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 79:

    vilia,

    Liv. 25, 6, 9:

    viliora,

    id. 9, 26, 22:

    vilissima,

    id. 24, 5, 13:

    ignota,

    id. 3, 7, 7; cf. id. 2, 5, 6:

    liberorum servorumque,

    id. 29, 29, 3 al. —In imprecations:

    istic capiti dicito,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

    vae capiti tuo,

    id. Most. 4, 3, 10; so id. Poen. 3, 3, 32; Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 6; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 1, 4; Tib. 1, 2, 12; Verg. A. 8, 484; 11, 399 al.—With numerals:

    capitum Helvetiorum milia CCLXIII.,

    souls, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; 4, 15:

    quot capitum vivunt, totidem studiorum Milia,

    Hor. S. 2, 1, 27; id. Ep. 2, 2, 189; cf. id. C. 1, 28, 20 al.; so, in capita, in distribution, to or for each person (cf. in Heb. also, for each head, poll, = for each individual, v. Robinson in h. v.), Liv. 2, 33, 11; 32, 17, 2; 34, 50, 6 al. (cf.:

    in singulos,

    id. 42, 4, 5).—Of. the poll-tax:

    exactio capitum,

    Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 5; so,

    capite censi, v. censeo.—Of animals,

    Verg. A. 3, 391; Col. 6, 5, 4 fin.; 8, 5, 4; 8, 5, 7; 8, 11, 13; Veg. Vet. 1, 18.—
    III.
    Trop.
    1.
    Life, and specif.,
    a.
    Physical life:

    carum,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 33 sq.; 5, 1, 26:

    si capitis res siet,

    if it is a matter of life and death, id. Trin. 4, 2, 120: capitis periculum adire, to risk one ' s life, Ter. And. 4, 1, 53; id. Hec. 3, 1, 54; cf. id. Phorm. 3, 2, 6 Runnk.:

    capitis poena,

    capital punishment, Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

    pactum pro capite pretium,

    Cic. Off. 3, 29, 107:

    cum altero certamen honoris et dignitatis est, cum altero capitis et famae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 38:

    cum dimicatione capitis,

    id. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; cf.:

    suo capite decernere,

    id. Att. 10, 9, 2; so Liv. 2, 12, 10; Cic. Fin. 5, 22, 64; Liv. 9, 5, 5:

    caput offerre pro patriā,

    Cic. Sull. 30, 84:

    patrium tibi crede caput, i. e. patris vitam et salutem,

    Ov. M. 8, 94; so,

    capitis accusare,

    to accuse of a capital crime, Nep. Paus. 2 fin.:

    absolvere,

    id. Milt. 7, 6:

    damnare,

    id. Alcib. 4, 5; id. Eum. 5, 1:

    tergo ac capite puniri,

    Liv. 3, 55, 14:

    caput Jovi sacrum,

    id. 3, 55, 7:

    sacratum,

    id. 10, 38, 3 al.; cf. Ov. M. 9, 296.—
    b.
    Civil or political life, acc. to the Roman idea, including the rights of liberty, citizenship, [p. 290] and family (libertatis, civitatis, familiae): its loss or deprivation was called deminutio or minutio capitis, acc. to the foll. jurid. distinction: capitis deminutionis tria genera sunt: maxima, media, minima; tria enim sunt, quae habemus: libertatem, civitatem, familiam. Igitur cum omnia haec amittimus (as by servitude or condemnation to death), maximam esse capitis deminutionem; cum vero amittimus civitatem (as in the interdictio aquae et ignis) libertatem retinemus, mediam esse capitis deminutionem;

    cum et libertas et civitas retinetur, familia tantum mutatur (as by adoption, or, in the case of women, by marriage) minimam esse capitis deminutionem constat,

    Dig. 4, 5, 11; cf. Just. Inst. 1, 16, 4; Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 181; 1, 54, 231; id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; Liv. 3, 55, 14; 22, 60, 15:

    capitis minor,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 42:

    servus manumissus capite non minuitur, quia nulnum caput habuit,

    Dig. 4, 5, 3, § 1.—Of the deminutio media, Cic. Brut. 36, 136; id. Verr. 2, 2, 40, §§ 98 and 99; id. Quint. 2, 8 al.—Of the deminutio minima, Cic. Top. 4, 18; cf. Gai Inst. 1, 162.—
    2. (α).
    With gen.:

    scelerum,

    an arrant knave, Plaut. Curc. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 7, 31; id. Mil. 2, 6, 14; id. Ps. 1, 5, 31; 4, 5, 3; id. Rud. 4, 4, 54:

    perjuri,

    id. ib. 4, 4, 55:

    concitandorum Graecorum,

    Cic. Fl. 18, 42:

    consilil,

    Liv. 8, 31, 7:

    conjurationis,

    id. 9, 26, 7:

    caput rei Romanae Camillus,

    id. 6, 3, 1; cf.:

    caput rerum Masinissam fuisse,

    id. 28, 35, 12; so id. 26, 40, 13:

    reipublicae,

    Tac. A. 1, 13:

    nominis Latini,

    heads, chiefs, Liv. 1, 52, 4:

    belli,

    id. 45, 7, 3:

    Suevorum,

    chieftribe, Tac. G. 39 fin. al.—The predicate in gen. masc.:

    capita conjurationis ejus virgis caesi ac securi percussi,

    Liv. 10, 1, 3.—
    (β).
    With esse and dat.:

    ego caput fui argento reperiundo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 138; cf.:

    illic est huic rei caput,

    author, contriver, Ter. And. 2, 6, 27; so id. Ad. 4, 2, 29 al.—
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    urgerent philosophorum greges, jam ab illo fonte et capite Socrate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42:

    corpori valido caput deerat,

    guide, leader, Liv. 5, 46, 5:

    esse aliquod caput (i. e. regem) placebat,

    id. 1, 17, 4; cf. id. 1, 23, 4; Hor. S. 2, 5, 74 al.—Of things, head, chief, capital, etc.;

    thus of cities: Thebas caput fuisse totius Graeciae,

    head, first city, Nep. Epam. 10 fin.; so with gen., Liv. 9, 37, 12; 10, 37, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 23, 11, 11; 37, 18, 3 (with arx); cf.:

    pro capite atque arce Italiae, urbe Romanā,

    Liv. 22, 32, 5; and with dat.:

    Romam caput Latio esse,

    id. 8, 4, 5; and:

    brevi caput Italiae omni Capuam fore,

    id. 23, 10, 2 Drak. N. cr. —Of other localities:

    castellum quod caput ejus regionis erat,

    the head, principal place, Liv. 21, 33, 11.—Of other things:

    jus nigrum, quod cenae caput erat,

    the principal dish, Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 98; cf. id. Fin. 2, 8, 25:

    patrimonii publici,

    id. Agr. 1, 7, 21; cf. id. ib. 2, 29, 80; Liv. 6, 14, 10: caput esse artis, decere, the main or principal point, Cic. de Or. 1, 29, 132:

    caput esse ad beate vivendum securitatem,

    id. Lael. 13, 45: ad consilium de re publicā dandum caput est nosse rem publicam;

    ad dicendum vero probabiliter, nosse mores civitatis,

    id. de Or. 2, 82, 337; 1, 19, 87:

    litterarum,

    summary, purport, substance, id. Phil. 2, 31, 77:

    caput Epicuri,

    the fundamental principle, dogma, id. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf. Quint. 3, 11, 27: rerum, the chief or central point, head, Cic. Brut. 44, 164.—So in writings, a division, section, paragraph, chapter, etc.:

    a primo capite legis usque ad extremum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. ib. 2, 10, 26; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46, § 118 Ascon.; id. Fam. 3, 8, 4; Gell. 2, 15, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 2, 55, 223; id. Fam. 7, 22 med.; Quint. 10, 7, 32:

    id quod caput est,

    Cic. Att. 1, 17, 4; so id. Fam. 3, 7, 4.—Of money, the principal sum, the capital, stock (syn. sors;

    opp. usurae),

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 11; 2, 3, 35, § 80 sq.; id. Att. 15, 26, 4; Liv. 6, 15, 10; 6, 35, 4; Hor. S. 1, 2, 14 al.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > kaput

  • 4 vertex

    vertex ( vortex; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 25 The archaic form vortex was already disused in Cicero's time; cf. Ribbeck, Prol. Verg. 436 sq.; id. G. 1, 481 n. Wagn. The grammarian Caper distinguishes thus: vortex fluminis est, vertex capitis; but this distinction was unknown in the class. per.; v. Charis. p. 68), ĭcis, m. [verto].
    I.
    A whirl, eddy, whirlpool, vortex: secundo modo dicitur proprium inter plura, quae sunt ejusdem nominis, id, unde cetera ducta sunt: ut vertex est contorta in se aqua vel quicquid aliud similiter vertitur: inde propter flexum capillorum pars summa capitis;

    ex hoc id, quod in montibus eminentissimum. Recte dixeris haec omnia vertices, proprie tamen, unde initium est,

    Quint. 8, 2, 7:

    ut aquae circumlatae in se sorbeantur et vorticem efficiant,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 2:

    torto vertice torrens,

    Verg. A. 7, 567:

    illam... rapidus vorat aequore vertex,

    id. ib. 1, 117:

    (flumen) minores volvere vertices,

    Hor. C. 2, 9, 22; Ov. M. 5, 587; 8, 556; 9, 106; id. F. 6, 502; Sil. 4, 230:

    citatior solito amnis transverso vertice dolia inpulit ad ripam,

    Liv. 23, 19, 11; 28, 30, 11; Curt. 6, 13, 16.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    amoris,

    Cat. 68, 107:

    officiorum,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 2:

    quā medius pugnae vocat agmina vertex,

    Sil. 4, 230.—
    II.
    An eddy of wind or flame, a whirlwind, coil of flame:

    (venti) interdum vertice torto Corripiunt rapideque rotanti turbine portant,

    Lucr. 1, 293; 6, 444; Liv. 21, 58, 3:

    extemplo cadit igneus ille Vertex,

    Lucr. 6, 298; Verg. A. 12, 673; cf.:

    ventus saepius in se volutatur, similemque illis, quas diximus converti aquas, facit vorticem,

    Sen. Q. N. 5, 13, 2. —
    III.
    The top or crown of the head.
    A.
    Lit.:

    ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum,

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 7, 20; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 4; Plin. 11, 37, 48, § 132; Hor. C. 1, 1, 36; Ov. M. 12, 288; 2, 712; id. P. 3, 8, 12; Quint. 8, 2, 7; 1, 11, 10.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    The head ( poet.) Cat. 64, 63; 64, 310:

    toto vertice supra est,

    Verg. A. 7, 784:

    nudus,

    id. ib. 11, 642:

    moribundus,

    Ov. M. 5, 84:

    intonsus,

    Stat. Th. 6, 607; Val. Fl. 4, 307.—
    2.
    The pole of the heavens, Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 41, 105; id. Rep. 6, 20, 21; Verg. G. 1, 242. —
    3.
    The highest point, top, peak, summit of a mountain, house, tree, etc.:

    ignes, qui ex Aetnae vertice erumpunt,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48, § 106; Quint. 8, 3, 48; Lucr. 6, 467; Tib. 1, 7, 15; Ov. M. 1. 316; 13, 911; Petr. poët. 122; 134 fin.; Curt. 8, 3, 26:

    in Erycino vertice,

    Verg. A. 5, 759; Val. Fl. 1, 700:

    arcis,

    Lucr. 6, 750:

    domus,

    Mart. 8, 36, 11; cf. Hor. C. 4, 11, 12:

    theatri,

    Mart. 10, 19, 7:

    quercūs,

    Verg. A. 3, 679:

    pinūs,

    Ov. M. 10, 103.—Hence, a vertice, from above, down from above, Verg. G. 2, 310; id. A. 1, 114; 5, 444.—
    b.
    Trop., the highest, uttermost, greatest ( poet.):

    dolorum anxiferi vertices, Cic. poët. Tusc. 2, 9, 21: principiorum,

    the highest officers, Amm. 15, 5, 16:

    Alexandria enim vertex omnium est civitatum,

    id. 22, 16, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vertex

  • 5 finis

    fīnis, is (abl. regularly fine;

    fini,

    Lucr. 1, 978;

    also fine,

    ib. 976;

    and adverb. fini, ea fini, qua fini,

    Cato, R. R. 21, 3; 28, 2; 154; Gell. 1, 3, 30; 7, 3, 29; Dig. 16, 2, 19), m. (f. mostly ante- and post-class. and poet., and only in sing., Att., Caecil., Varr., Sisenn. ap. Non. 205, 6 sq.; Lucr. 1, 107; 551; 555; 561 sq.; cf. Lachm. p. 43; Verg. A. 2, 554; 5, 328; 384; 12, 793 al.;

    rarely in class. prose,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55; id. Fam. 12, 1, 1; id. Att. 9, 10, 4; Liv. 4, 2, 4 Weissenb. ad loc.; 9, 26, 9; 22, 57, 5; Plin. 30, 10, 24, § 82; 33, 1, 1, § 3; 33, 6, 31, § 98 al.; plur. f. only Varr. L. L. 5, 1, 13; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, 703) [for fidnis, root bhid-, fid-, v. findo; for the suffix, cf.: pa-nis, ig-nis, etc.], a boundary, limit, border, = terminus, horos.
    I.
    Lit.:

    accessit propius et jam ingrediens intra finem ejus loci, quem oleae terminabant, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

    fere ad extremum finem provinciae Galliae,

    Liv. 40, 16, 5; cf. id. 33, 37, 6:

    Philaenōn arae, quem locum Aegyptum vorsus finem imperii habuere Carthaginienses,

    Sall. J. 19, 3:

    quem ad finem porrecta ac loca aperta pertinebant, cedentes (hostes) insequi,

    as far as, Caes. B. G. 2, 19, 5:

    quibus venientibus ad finem legatio Veientium obviam fuit,

    Liv. 4, 58, 1; cf.:

    nulla legatio ad finem praesto fuerat,

    id. 38, 15, 10; 10, 35, 1:

    haud procul Argivorum fine positis castris,

    id. 28, 5, 5; cf. id. 35, 27, 9 Drak.—In plur.:

    vicini nostri hic ambigunt de finibus,

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 93:

    nec Mamilia lege singuli, sed ex his tres arbitri fines regemus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 55 (v. rego, I. B.):

    in finibus Lycaoniae, mihi litterae redditae sunt,

    id. Fam. 15, 1, 2: Q. Fabius Labeo arbiter Nolanis et Neapolitanis de finibus a senatu datus... fines [p. 752] terminare, id. Off. 1, 10, 33; cf.:

    SEX. ATILIVS INTER ATESTINOS ET VEICETINOS FINIS TERMINOSQVE STATVI IVSIT,

    Inscr. Orell. 3110:

    fines proferre, propagare,

    Cic. Rep. 3, 12; id. Mur. 9, 22:

    inter eos fines, quos feci,

    Liv. 1, 18, 9:

    atque hominum finem Gades Calpenque secutus,

    Sil. 1, 141.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    In plur., borders, and hence territory, land, country enclosed within boundaries:

    propere de finibus suis exercitus deducerent,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 60:

    per agrum Sequanorum iter in Santonum fines facere, qui non longe a Tolosatium finibus absunt,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 10, 1; cf.:

    si suas copias Aedui in fines Bellovacorum introduxerint,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 3:

    civitatum fines incolere,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    ego his finibus ejectus sum, quos, etc.,

    Sall. J. 14, 8:

    neque flumen neque mons erat, qui fines eorum discerneret,

    id. ib. 79, 3:

    Multum interest, alienos populare fines an tuos uri exscindive videas,

    Liv. 28, 44, 2:

    veteres nullum animal sacrum in finibus suis esse patiebantur, sed abigebant ad fines deorum, quibus sacrum esset,

    where these gods were worshipped, Macr. S. 3, 7, 6.—
    2.
    Fine or fini alicujus rei, up to, as far as, a certain point (very rare):

    matresfamiliae de muro pectoris fine prominentes passis manibus obtestabantur Romanos, ut, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 47, 5 Oud. N. cr. (al. pectore nudo); so,

    fine inguinum ingrediuntur mare,

    Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 38 Gerl. (in Arus. Mess. p. 231 ed. Lind.):

    fine genūs vestem ritu succincta Dianae,

    Ov. M. 10, 536:

    per mare umbilici fine ingressi, Auct. B. Afr. 85, 1: amphoras nolito implere nimium ansarum infimarum fini,

    Cato, R. R. 113, 2: Asiam orientis fine a Macedonibus perdomitam, Justin. 30, 4.
    II.
    Trop., a limit, bound:

    Crassus mihi visus est oratoris facultatem non illius artis terminis, sed ingenii sui finibus, immensis paene, describere,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 49, 214; cf.:

    certos mihi fines terminosque constituam, extra quos egredi non possim,

    id. Quint. 10, 35:

    finem et modum transire,

    to go beyond all bounds and measure, id. Off. 1, 29, 102; cf.:

    transcendere fines Juris,

    Lucr. 3, 60:

    modum aliquem et finem orationi facere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:

    est modus in rebus, sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultraque citraque nequit consistere rectum,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 106:

    intra Naturae fines vivere,

    id. ib. 50:

    (dixit) mulierem quinque pueros enixam... eumque esse finem multijugae hominum partionis,

    Gell. 10, 2, 1:

    consulta, quibus sedecim stipendiorum finem expresserant,

    term, limit, Tac. A. 1, 78:

    his finibus luxuriam coercere,

    Gell. 2, 24, 15.—Hence, the starting-point in a race:

    Inde, ubi clara dedit sonitum tuba, finibus omnes Prosiluere suis (of vessels),

    Verg. A. 5, 139.—
    B.
    Transf., like telos.
    1.
    An end:

    in hoc (aequo judicio) uno denique falsae infamiae finis aliquis atque exitus reperiatur,

    Cic. Clu. 3, 7:

    dicendi finem facere,

    id. Sest. 65, 136; cf.:

    si placet, in hunc diem hactenus... finem disputandi facere,

    id. Rep. 2, 44 fin.:

    scribendi,

    id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

    maledictis,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 34:

    injuriis,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 33, 1:

    vitae finem afferre alicui,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 1, 2; cf.:

    quando finem habet motus, vivendi finem habeat necesse est,

    id. Rep. 6, 25:

    finem judiciariae controversiae constituere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 2, § 5:

    oratio lecta ad eum finem, quem, etc.,

    as far as, id. de Or. 1, 34, 154:

    ludus repertus, et longorum operum finis,

    Hor. A. P. 406:

    imperium sine fine,

    everlasting, Verg. A. 1, 279:

    pigetque actorum sine fine mihi,

    Ov. M. 2, 387:

    poscens sine fine oscula,

    id. ib. 4, 334 al.—Adverb.: ad eum finem, until that:

    amor bestiarum in educandis custodiendisque iis, quae procreaverunt, usque ad eum finem, dum possint se ipsa defendere,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51, 129:

    mansit in condicione usque ad eum finem, dum judices rejecti sunt,

    id. Verr. 1, 6, 16: quem ad finem, till when? how long? quamdiu furor iste tuus eludet? quem ad finem sese effrenata jactabit audacia? id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

    piratam vivum tenuisti: quem ad finem? dum cum imperio fuisti,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 75; id. Mur. 5, 11; id. Fam. 9, 26, 1; cf.: Lu. Sequere... In. Sequor:

    sed finem fore quem dicam nescio (i. e. sequendi),

    Plaut. Trin. prol. 2.—
    b.
    In partic.
    (α).
    The end of life, latter end, death (not till after the Aug. per.):

    comperit invidiam supremo fine domari,

    i. e. after death, Hor. Ep. 2, 11, 12: tu ne quaesieris, quem mihi, quem tibi Finem di dederint, id. C. 1, 11, 2:

    nec quicquam jam de fine, si fata poscerent, recusans,

    Vell. 2, 123, 2; Sen. Ep. 30, 3; Val. Max. 3, 3, 4 ext.:

    septem a Neronis fine menses sunt,

    Tac. H. 1, 37:

    Augusti,

    id. A. 1, 4; 1, 16; 2, 39:

    voluntarius,

    id. ib. 4, 19; 15, 63 et saep.—
    (β).
    The end, extremity of an ascending series, i. e. the highest point, greatest degree, summit: sentis credo, me jam diu, quod telos Graeci dicunt, id dicere tum extremum, tum ultimum, tum summum:

    licebit etiam finem pro extremo aut ultimo dicere,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 7, 26; cf. id. ib. 1, 4, 11; and:

    ad finem bonorum, quo referuntur et cujus causa sunt facienda omnia,

    the chief good, id. Leg. 1, 20, 52:

    fines bonorum et malorum,

    id. Fin. 1, 17, 55; hence the title of Cicero's treatise De Finibus, analog. to the Gr. peri telôn; cf. id. Att. 13, 21, 4, with ib. 19, 4:

    honorum populi finis est consulatus,

    id. Planc. 25, 60:

    quemque sperandi sibi, eundem bene dicendi finem proponerent,

    id. Tusc. 2, 1, 3:

    duodecim tabulae, finis aequi juris,

    Tac. A. 3, 27. —
    (γ).
    An end, purpose, aim, object (but an end subjectively regarded, as an intention, or design, is propositum, consilium, mens, etc.):

    omnes artes habere finem aliquem propositum, ad quem tendunt,

    Quint. 2, 17, 22:

    laudis et gloriae,

    id. 8, 3, 11:

    domus finis est usus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 39, 138:

    officium ejus facultatis videtur esse, dicere apposite ad persuasionem: finis, persuadere dictione,

    id. Inv. 1, 5, 6; cf. id. ib. 2, 51, 156; id. Part. Or. 4, 11; id. de Or. 1, 42, 188; 2, 34, 145; Quint. 2, 15, 6:

    quem finem vel quid summum et ultimum habeat rhetorice,

    id. ib. 38:

    volgaris liberalitas referenda est ad illum Ennii finem, Nihilo minus ipsi lucet, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 16, 52:

    ad finem vitae,

    Quint. 2, 17, 41:

    medicinae,

    id. ib. 25; 2, 21, 3.—
    (δ).
    An intention, design, end in view (very rare; cf. g supra):

    quod ad eum finem memoravimus, ut, etc.,

    Tac. A. 14, 64.—
    2.
    In rhet. lang., i. q. finitio and definitio, qs. an explanatory limiting, a definition, explanation (perh. not in Cic., but repeatedly in Quint.):

    dicuntur argumenta ex finitione seu fine,

    Quint. 5, 10, 54:

    est frequentissimus finis, rhetoricen esse vim persuadendi,

    id. 2, 15, 3; id. ib. 11 sq.; 4, 4, 3 Spald. N. cr. —
    3.
    In the later jurid. Lat., a measure, amount:

    placuit, ut fructus hypothecarum usuris compensaret, fini legitimae usurae,

    Dig. 20, 1, 1:

    finem pretii, deminuere vel excedere,

    ib. 21, 2, 66:

    ad finem peculii legata praestare,

    ib. 49, 17, 17.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > finis

  • 6 vertex (vortex)

        vertex (vortex) icis, m    [VERT-], a whirl, eddy, whirlpool, vortex: torto vertice torrens, V.: (flumen) minores volvere vertices, H.: sine vertice aquae euntes, O.: amnis transverso vertice dolia inpulit ad ripam, L.— A whirlwind: contra (ventum) enitentes vertice intorti adfligebantur, L.— Of flame, a coil, whorl: flammis inter tabulata volutus Ad caelum undabat vertex, V.—The highest point, top, peak, summit: ignes, qui ex Aetnae vertice erumpunt: flammae rotantes Vertice fumum, H.: a vertice, from above, V.—Of the head, the top, crown: ab imis unguibus usque ad verticem summum: talos a vertice pulcher ad imos, H.: toto vertice supra est, by the head, V.: moribundus, O.— The pole: caeli vertices ipsi: Hic vertex nobis semper sublimis, V.—The highest, greatest (poet.): dolorum vertices.

    Latin-English dictionary > vertex (vortex)

  • 7 Penninus

    Pennīnus ( Penīnus or Poenī-nus;

    the latter orthog. on account of the false derivation from Poeni, because Hannibal marched over this mountain to Italy,

    Liv. 21, 38, 6 sqq.; Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 123), a, um, adj. [from the Celtic Pen or Penn, summit, peak], of or belonging to the Pennine Alps (between the Valais and Upper Italy, the highest point of which is the Great St. Bernard), Pennine:

    Alpes,

    Plin. 3, 17, 21, § 123; Tac. H. 1, 87;

    called also, juga,

    id. ib. 1, 61:

    mons,

    i. e. the Great St. Bernard, Sen. Ep. 31, 9; also, absol.:

    Penninus,

    Liv. 5, 35; 21, 38:

    iter,

    over the Great St. Bernard, Tac. H. 1, 70:

    VALLIS POENIN,

    the Valais, Inscr. Grut. 376, 6: DEO PENINO D. D., the local deity of the Pennine Alps, Inscr. Spon. Misc. Ant. p. 85, n. 30;

    called also, IVPPITER POENINVS, and simply, POENINVS,

    Inscr. Orell. 228 sq.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Penninus

  • 8 aer

    āēr, āĕris, m. (in Enn. once fem., Gell. 13, 20, 14, as also aêr in Gr., in the earliest per, was fem., Gr. gen. aëros, Stat. Th. 2, 693; Gr. acc. aëra, Cic., Sen., Plin.;

    pure Lat. form, āĕrem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 65; Cato ap. Serv ad Verg. A. 10, 184; Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3; plur nom. and acc. āĕres, Vitr. 11; later āĕra, Ven. Fort. Carm 9, 1, 141, dat. āĕribus, Lucr. 4, 289; 5, 643), = aêr, the air, properly the lower atmosphere (in distinction from aether, the upper pure air):

    istic est is Juppiter quem dico, quem Graeci vocant Aërem, qui ventus est et nubes, imber postea, Atque ex imbre frigus, ventus post fit, aër denuo, Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Epicharm. v. 9 Vahl.,: terra circumfusa undique est hac animall spirabilique naturā, cui nomen est aër, Graecum illud quidem, sed perceptum jam tamen usu a nostris, tritum est enim pro Latino,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91:

    itaque aër et ignis et aqua et terra primae sunt,

    id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

    Anaximenes aëra Deum statuit,

    id. N. D. 1, 10:

    aërem in perniciem vertere,

    Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3 al. —Also in plur.: aëribus binis, Lucr 4, 291: aëres locorum salubres aut pestilentes, Vitr 1, 1 fin. —
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Poet.: aër summus arboris, the airy summit, for the highest point, Verg. G. 2, 123; cf. Juv. 6, 99.—
    B.
    Also poet. for a cloud, vapor, mist:

    Venus obscuro gradientes aëre sepsit,

    Verg. A. 1, 411: aëre septus, Val Fl. 5,401—
    C.
    With limiting adj. = the weather:

    crassus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81. fusus et extenuatus, id. N. D. 2, 39 purus et tenuis, id. ib. 2, 16 temperatus, id. Div 2, 42
    1.
    † aera (dissyl.), ae, f., = aira, a weed among grain; darnel, tare, or cockle, Lolium temulentum, Linn.; Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 156.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aer

  • 9 aeris

    āēr, āĕris, m. (in Enn. once fem., Gell. 13, 20, 14, as also aêr in Gr., in the earliest per, was fem., Gr. gen. aëros, Stat. Th. 2, 693; Gr. acc. aëra, Cic., Sen., Plin.;

    pure Lat. form, āĕrem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, 10, 65; Cato ap. Serv ad Verg. A. 10, 184; Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3; plur nom. and acc. āĕres, Vitr. 11; later āĕra, Ven. Fort. Carm 9, 1, 141, dat. āĕribus, Lucr. 4, 289; 5, 643), = aêr, the air, properly the lower atmosphere (in distinction from aether, the upper pure air):

    istic est is Juppiter quem dico, quem Graeci vocant Aërem, qui ventus est et nubes, imber postea, Atque ex imbre frigus, ventus post fit, aër denuo, Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 5, § 65 Müll. (Epicharm. v. 9 Vahl.,: terra circumfusa undique est hac animall spirabilique naturā, cui nomen est aër, Graecum illud quidem, sed perceptum jam tamen usu a nostris, tritum est enim pro Latino,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 36, 91:

    itaque aër et ignis et aqua et terra primae sunt,

    id. Ac. 1, 7, 26:

    Anaximenes aëra Deum statuit,

    id. N. D. 1, 10:

    aërem in perniciem vertere,

    Plin. 18, 1, 1, § 3 al. —Also in plur.: aëribus binis, Lucr 4, 291: aëres locorum salubres aut pestilentes, Vitr 1, 1 fin. —
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    Poet.: aër summus arboris, the airy summit, for the highest point, Verg. G. 2, 123; cf. Juv. 6, 99.—
    B.
    Also poet. for a cloud, vapor, mist:

    Venus obscuro gradientes aëre sepsit,

    Verg. A. 1, 411: aëre septus, Val Fl. 5,401—
    C.
    With limiting adj. = the weather:

    crassus,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 25, 81. fusus et extenuatus, id. N. D. 2, 39 purus et tenuis, id. ib. 2, 16 temperatus, id. Div 2, 42
    1.
    † aera (dissyl.), ae, f., = aira, a weed among grain; darnel, tare, or cockle, Lolium temulentum, Linn.; Plin. 18, 17, 44, § 156.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aeris

  • 10 apex

        apex icis, m    [1 AP-], the extreme end, point, summit, top: lauri, V.: montis, O.: sublimis (of a headland), Iu.: levis, a tongue of flame, V.—A hat, helmet, crown: regum apices, H.: summus, the top of the helmet, V.: hinc apicem Fortuna Sustulit, the crown, H.: dialis, the flamen's hat, i. e. the priestly office, L. — Fig., the highest ornament: apex est senectutis auctoritas.
    * * *
    point, top, summit; cap, crown; conical priest cap; highest honor; long mark over vowel; outlines of letters, letter; least particle, speck

    Latin-English dictionary > apex

  • 11 apex

    ăpex, ĭcis, m. [etym. acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 10, 270, and Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll., from apo, to join to, whence aptus; cf. Van. Etym. p. 33], the extreme end of a thing, the point, summit, top (syn.: cacumen, summa, fastigium, culmen, vertex); hence,
    I.
    Lit., the small rod at the top of the flamen's cap, wound round with wool, Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 683; 10, 270.—Hence,
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    (As pars pro toto.) The conical cap of the flamen, ornamented with this rod:

    QVEI. APICEM. INSIGNE. DIALIS. FLAMINIS. GESISTEI, Epitaph. Scip. Grotef. 2, 299: apicem dialem,

    Liv. 6, 41:

    apex e capite prolapsus,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, n. 4.—Hence, of the priesthood itself: homo honestus non apice insignis, Sen. ap. Lact. 17, 6.—
    B.
    Any hat or helmet, a crown:

    ab aquilā Tarquinio apicem impositum putent,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 1:

    regum apices,

    Hor. C. 3, 21, 20:

    ardet apex capiti,

    Verg. A. 10, 270; 2, 683.—Of birds, the crest, Plin. 11, 37, 44, § 121.—
    C.
    A projecting point or summit.
    1.
    Lit., of trees:

    lauri,

    Verg. A. 7, 66.—Of a headland:

    sublimis,

    Juv. 12, 72:

    montis apex,

    Sil. 12, 709; so Vulg. Judith, 7, 3.—Of the point of a sickle, Col. 4, 25, 1.—Of the summit of a flame, Ov. M. 10, 279 et saep.—
    2.
    Trop., the highest ornament or honor, the crown of a thing:

    apex est senectutis auctoritas,

    Cic. Sen. 17, 60:

    hinc apicem Fortuna sustulit, hic posuisse gaudet,

    Hor. C. 1, 34, 14.—
    D.
    1.. In gram., the long mark over a vowel, Quint. 1, 7, 2; 1, 4, 10; 1, 5, 23;

    Victor. p. 2469 P.—Hence, trop.: nullum apicem quaestionis praetermittere,

    Arn. 3 init. —
    2.
    The forms or outlines of the letters:

    litterarum apices,

    Gell. 13, 30, 10; 17, 9, 12.—Hence (per synecdochen),
    E.
    A letter or any other writing:

    apicum oblator,

    Sid. Ep. 6, 8:

    Augusti apices,

    i. e. rescripts, Cod. Just. 2, 8, 6 fin. —
    F.
    Of the point or apex of a Hebrew letter, put fig. for the least particle, tittle (eccl. Lat.; Gr. hê keraia):

    iota unum aut unus apex non praeteribit a lege,

    Vulg. Matt. 5, 18; ib. Luc. 16, 17.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > apex

  • 12 fastigium

    fastīgĭum, ii, n. [cf. Sanscr. bhrshtīs, corner, rim; Gr. a-phlaston, aplustria, the ornamented stern of a ship; O. H. Germ. brort, the prow], the top of a gable, a gable end, pediment (syn.: cacumen, culmen, vertex, apex).
    I.
    Prop.:

    Capitolii fastigium illud et ceterarum aedium non venustas, sed necessitas ipsa fabricata est... utilitatem templi fastigii dignitas consecuta est,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 180; cf.:

    fastigia aliquot templorum a culminibus abrupta,

    Liv. 40, 2, 3:

    evado ad summi fastigia culminis,

    Verg. A. 2, 458; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 14.—Hence, meton., the roof of a house, Verg. A. 8, 491; 9, 568; Val. Fl. 2, 235:

    habere pulvinar, simulacrum, fastigium, flaminem,

    id. Phil. 2, 43, 110; cf.

    of the same: omnes unum in principem congesti honores: circa templa imagines... suggestus in curia, fastigium in domo, mensis in caelo,

    Flor. 4, 2 fin.:

    Romae signa eorum sunt in Palatina aede Apollinis in fastigio,

    Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 13; cf. id. 35, 12, 43, § 152; Vitr. 3, 2.— Transf.:

    operi tamquam fastigium imponere,

    Cic. Off. 3, 7, 33.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    The extreme part, extremity of a thing, whether above or below.
    a.
    Top, height, summit:

    colles... pari altitudinis fastigio oppidum cingebant,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 69, 4:

    opus nondum aquae fastigium aequabat,

    Curt. 4, 2, 19:

    summi operis,

    id. 4, 2, 8:

    jamque agger aequaverat summae fastigia terrae,

    id. 8, 10, 31:

    aquatilium ova rotunda, reliqua fere fastigio acuminata,

    Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 145:

    gracilitas (arundinis) nodis distincta leni fastigio tenuatur in cacumina,

    id. 16, 36, 64, § 158; cf.:

    cornua in leve fastigium exacuta,

    id. 11, 37, 45, § 124; 16, 33, 60, § 141; Vulg. 2 Reg. 18, 24.—In plur., Lucr. 4, 827:

    muri,

    Val. Fl. 2, 553:

    fontis fastigium,

    i. e. the height on which the fountain sprang up, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41, 5.—
    b.
    The lower part, depth: forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia, quaeres, [p. 728] what should be the depth of the trenches, Verg. G. 2, 288.—
    2.
    (From the sloping form of the gable.) A slope, declivity, descent:

    ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5:

    jugum paulo leniore fastigio,

    id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

    iniquum loci ad declivitatem fastigium,

    id. B. G. 7, 85, 4:

    rupes leniore submissa fastigio,

    Curt. 6, 6, 11:

    capreoli molli fastigio,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 3; 2, 24, 3:

    musculi,

    id. ib. 2, 11, 1:

    scrobes paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio,

    i. e. gradually narrowing from top to bottom, id. B. G. 7, 73, 5; cf.:

    si (fossa) fastigium habet, ut (aqua) exeat e fundo,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2.—
    3.
    In the later grammarians, an accent placed over a word, Mart. Cap. 3, § 264; § 268 al.; Diom. p. 428 P.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    The highest part, summit, the highest degree, most exalted rank or dignity (perh. only since the Aug. per.):

    quicquid numinum hanc Romani imperii molem in amplissimum terrarum orbis fastigium extulit,

    Vell. 2, 131, 1; cf.:

    sic fit, ut dei summum inter homines fastigium servent,

    Plin. Pan. 52, 2:

    et quoad usque ad memoriam nostram tribuniciis consularibusque certatum viribus est, dictaturae semper altius fastigium fuit,

    Liv. 6, 38 fin.; cf.:

    in consulare fastigium vehi,

    Vell. 2, 69, 1:

    ad regium fastigium evehere aliquem,

    Val. Max. 1, 6, 1:

    alii cives ejusdem fastigii,

    Liv. 3, 35, 9:

    stare in fastigio eloquentiae,

    Quint. 12, 1, 20:

    rhetoricen in tam sublime fastigium sine arte venisse,

    id. 2, 17, 3:

    et poësis ab Homero et Vergilio tantum fastigium accepit, et eloquentia a Demosthene,

    id. 12, 11, 26; cf.:

    magice in tantum fastigii adolevit, ut, etc.,

    grew into such esteem, Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 2.—
    2.
    In gen., dignity, rank, condition:

    (M. Laetorio) curatio altior fastigio suo data est,

    Liv. 2, 27, 6; cf.:

    ampliora etiam humano fastigio decerni sibi passus est,

    Suet. Caes. 76:

    tamquam mortale fastigium egressus,

    Tac. A. 15, 74:

    animus super humanum fastigium elatus,

    Curt. 9, 10 med.:

    quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum extollit Fortuna,

    Juv. 3, 39.—
    B.
    A leading or chief point, head in a discourse; a principal sort or kind (rare):

    summa sequar fastigia rerum,

    Verg. A. 1, 342:

    e quibus tribus fastigiis (agrorum) simplicibus,

    sorts, kinds, Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 2:

    propter haec tria fastigia formae discrimina quaedam fiunt sationum,

    id. ib. 1, 5:

    haec atque hujuscemodi tria fastigia agri, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 6; cf.

    also: quo fastigio sit fundus,

    id. ib. 1, 20 fin. (and v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 223):

    laudem relego fastigia summa,

    Prisc. Laud. Anast. 148.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > fastigium

  • 13 columen

    cŏlŭmen, ĭnis, n., and contr. cul-men, mis, n. [root cel- of excello; cf.: celsus, culmus, calamus, collis], lit., that which rises in height, is prominent, projects; hence the point, top, summit, ridge.
    I.
    Form columen, inis, n. (only this form is used by Plautus, v. Ritschl, prol. ad Plaut. p. 65).
    A.
    An elevated object, a pillar, column: ego vitam agam sub altis Phrygiae columinibus, the lofty buildings, or perh. the mountain-heights, Cat. 63, 71 Ellis ad loc.; and of a pillar of fire: Phoebi fax, tristis nunt a belli, quae magnum ad columen flammato ardore volabat, like an ascending column, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18.—
    B.
    The highest part or top of an object, e. g. of a wall; the coping; Fr. le chaperon, Cato, R. R. 15, 1; of a building, a ridge, a roof, a gable:

    in turribus et columinibus villae,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 7, 1:

    aulae,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 1000; id. Thyest. 54 Gron.; so of the Capitol, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 12, 20, and of the culmination of heavenly bodies: oritur Canicula cum Cancro, in columen venit cum Geminis, Nigid. ap. Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 218. —
    2.
    Trop., the top, crown, summit, first, chief, the height, etc.:

    columen amicorum Antonii, Cotyla Varius,

    Cic. Phil. 13, 12, 26:

    pars haec vitae jam pridem pervenit ad columen,

    Plin. 15, 15, 17, § 57; Col. 3, 4, 3:

    audaciae,

    the crown of impudence, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211.—
    G.
    An elevated object that supports, sustains something; in archit., the top of a gable-end, a gable pillar, a prop, Vitr. 4, 2, 1; 4, 7, 5.—Esp. freq.,
    2.
    Trop., a support, prop, stay:

    familiae,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 57; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 176:

    senati, praesidium popli,

    Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 6; cf. id. Ep. 2, 2, 7:

    rei publicae,

    Cic. Sest. 8, 19; Curt. 9, 6, 8:

    imperii Romani, Div 38, 51, 3: regni Ausonii,

    Sil. 15, 385:

    Asiae,

    Sen. Troad. 6:

    rerum mearum (Maecenas),

    Hor. C. 2, 17, 4:

    doctrinarum, artium (Varro et Nigidius),

    Gell. 19, 14, 1; Col. 3, 4, 3.—
    II.
    culmen, ĭnis, n. (in Cic. only once; cf. the foll. B.; not in Cat., Lucr., or Hor.; in gen. first freq. since the Aug. per.).
    * A.
    Any thing high; poet., of the stalk of a bean, Ov. F. 4, 734.—
    B.
    The top, summit, e. g. of a building, a roof, gable, cupola, etc.:

    columen in summo fastigio culminis,

    Vitr. 4, 2, 1; Ov. M. 1, 295; 1, 289; Verg. E. 1, 69:

    tecta domorum,

    id. A. 2, 446; 2, 458; 4, 186:

    culmina hominum, deorum,

    i. e. of houses and temples, id. ib. 4, 671; Liv. 27, 4, 11; 42, 3, 7.—Of the dome of heaven, * Cic. Arat. 26. —Of mountain summits:

    Alpium,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 2:

    Tarpeium,

    Suet. Dom. 23.—Of the crown of the head of men, Liv. 1, 34, 9.—Of the top of the prow of a ship, Luc. 3, 709.—
    2.
    Trop., the summit, acme, height, point of culmination (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    a summo culmine fortunae ad ultimum finem,

    Liv. 45, 9, 7:

    principium culmenque (columenque, Sillig) omnium rerum pretii margaritae tenent,

    Plin. 9, 35, 54, § 106:

    ruit alta a culmine Troja,

    Verg. A. 2, 290 (Hom. Il. 13, 772: kat akrês); cf. id. ib. 2, 603:

    de summo culmine lapsus,

    Luc. 8, 8:

    regale,

    Claud. VI. Cons. Hon. 64. pastorale, id. B. Get. 355:

    honoris,

    App. Flor. 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > columen

  • 14 cum or (earlier) quom (not quum)

        cum or (earlier) quom (not quum) conj.    [1 CA-].    I. Prop., of time (cum temporale), constr. with indic. in an independent assertion; with subj. in a subordinate statement.—Fixing a point of time, when, at the time when: Lacrumo, quom in mentem venit, now that, T.: auditis, cum ea breviter dicuntur: eo cum venio: Postera cum lustrabat terras dies, V.: cum contionem habuit: cum proxime Romae fui: cum Italia vexata est: cum stellas fugarat dies, V.: quom non potest haberi, cupis, T.: tempus cum pater iacebat: eo tempore, cum necesse erat: memini noctis illius, cum pollicebar: tunc, cum adempta sunt arma, L.: etiam tum, cum verisimile erit, latratote, not until: cum peroraro, tum requiratis: cum signum dedero, tum invadite, L.: sese, cum opus esset, signum daturum, Cs.: sua bona, cum causae dicendae data facultas sit, tum se experturum, L. — Fixing or defining a period of time, when, while, during the time that, as, as long as, after: Alium esse censes nunc me, atque olim quom dabam? T.: risum vix tenebam, cum comparabas, etc.: tum, cum illum exterminari volebam, putabam, etc.: Hasdrubal, cum haec gerebantur, apud Syphaeum erat, L.—Of repeated action, when, whenever, at times when, as often as, always... when, if: omnes, quom valemus, recta consilia aegrotis damus, T.: cum permagna praemia sunt, est causa peccandi: Cum furit... Profuit aestūs avertere, V.: cum cogniti sunt, retinent caritatem: cum rosam viderat, tum incipere ver arbitrabatur, never until.—In clauses stating a fact, the point or period of time fixed by the main sentence (cum inversum), when, at the time when, and at this time, and meanwhile, and yet: longe iam abieram, quom sensi, T.: dies nondum decem intercesserant, cum filius necatur: Vix ea fatus erat, cum scindit se nubes, V.: multum diei processerat, cum etiamtum eventus in incerto erat, S.: nondum lucebat, cum scitum est: iamque hoc facere apparabant, cum matres procurrerunt, Cs.: Et iam phalanx ibat... flammas cum puppis Extulerat, V.: anni sunt octo, cum interea invenitis, etc.: cum interim milites domum obsidere coeperunt: nondum centum anni sunt, cum lata lex est.—Describing a time by natural events, when, while, as soon as: ipsi, cum iam dilucesceret, deducuntur: cum lux adpropinquaret.—In narration, describing the occasion or circumstances of an action (cum historicum), when, on the occasion that, under the circumstances that, while, after.—With imperf: Magistratus quom ibi adesset, occeptast agi, T.: Marius, cum secaretur, vetuit se adligari: Caesar cum ab hoste non amplius abesset... legati revertuntur, Cs.: heri, cum vos non adessetis: cum ad tribum Polliam ventum est, et praeco cunctaretur, ‘cita,’ inquit, etc., L.: Socrates, cum XXX tyranni essent, pedem portā non extulit, as long as: vidi, Cum tu terga dares, O.: is cum interrogaretur... respondit.—With maxime, just as, precisely when: Caesar, cum maxime furor arderet Antoni, exercitum comparavit: cum maxime agmen explicaretur, adoriuntur, L. — With perf: hic pagus, cum domo exisset, Cassium interfecerat, Cs.: cum domos vacuas fecissent, iunguntur nuptiis, L.: cum fanum expilavisset, navigabat Syracusas. — Of repeated occasions, when, whenever, on every occasion that, as often as.—With imperf: dispersos, cum longius procederent, adoriebatur, Cs.: saepe, cum aliquem videret, etc., on seeing, N.: numquam est conspectus, cum veniret. — With pluperf: Cum cohortes ex acie procucurrissent, Numidae effugiebant, Cs.: qui cum in convivium venisset: quantum obfuit multis, cum fecissent, etc.—Describing a time named in the principal sentence, when, such that, in which: Si ullum fuit tempus quom ego fuerim, etc., T.: fuit antea tempus, cum Galli superarent, Cs.: vigesimo anno, cum tot praetores in provinciā fuissent: eodem anno, cum omnia infida essent, L.: biduum supererat, cum frumentum metiri oporteret, in which, Cs.: fuit cum arbitrarer, etc.: audivi cum diceret, etc.—    II. Meton., of identical actions, when, in that, by the fact that: Qui quom hunc accusant, Naevium accusant, T.: quae cum taces, nulla esse concedis: quod cum facit, iudicat, etc.: senatum intueri videor, cum te videor, L.: loco ille motus est, cum ex urbe est depulsus: quod cum dederis, illud dederis, ut, etc.: illa scelera, cum eius domum evertisti (which you committed) in uprooting: purgatio est cum factum conceditur, culpa removetur.—In hypothesis, assuming a fact, when, if: ad cuius fidem confugiet, cum per eius fidem laeditur, etc.—Contrary to fact, when, if, if at such a time: haec neque cum ego dicerem, neque cum tu negares, magni momenti nostra esset oratio: quod esset iudicium, cum tres... adsedissent?—Explaining a feeling, etc., that, because, for: Dis habeo gratiam, Quom adfuerunt liberae, T.: gratulor tibi, cum tantum vales. — As connective, correl. with tum, while, when; cum... tum, as... so, both... and, and besides, while... especially: Quom id mihi placebat, tum omnes bona dicere, T.: cum omnes eo convenerant, tum navium quod ubique fuerat coëgerant, Cs.: qui cum multa providit, tum quod te consulem non vidit: movit patres cum causa, tum auctor, L.—In the adverb. phrase cum maxime, with ellips. of predicate, in the highest degree, most: hanc Amabat, ut quom maxime, tum Pamphilus, as much as ever, T.: ea, quae fiunt cum maxime, i. e. at this very moment: sed cum maxime tamen hoc significabat, precisely this: quae multos iam annos, et nunc cum maxime, cupit.—    III. Praegn., giving a cause or reason (cum causale), when, since, because, inasmuch as, seeing that, in that, in view of the fact that: haud invito sermo mi accessit tuos, Quom... intellego, T.: Deos quaeso ut sit superstes, Quom veritust facere, etc., T.: an pater familiarissimis suscensuit, cum Sullam laudarent? for praising: quae cum ita sint, videamus, etc.: cum longinqua instet militia, commeatum do, L.: cum tanta multitudo tela conicerent, potestas erat, etc., Cs.: cum esset egens, coepit, etc.: Caesar cum constituisset hiemare in continenti, obsides imperat, Cs.—So often nunc cum, now that, since in fact: nunc vero cum sit unus Pompeius.—Often with praesertim, especially since, more than all when: nam puerum non tollent... Praesertim quom sit, etc., T.: cum praesertim vos aliam miseritis.—With quippe, since evidently, since of course: nihil est virtute amabilius... quippe cum propter virtutem diligamus, etc. — In contrasts, when, while, whereas, while on the contrary, and yet (cum adversativum): finem faciam dicundi, quom ipse finem non facit? T.: quo tandem ore mentionem facitis... cum fateamini, etc.: cum maximis eum rebus liberares... culpam relinquebas: simulat se confiteri, cum interea aliud machinetur.—In concessions, when, although, notwithstanding (cum concessivum): nil quom est, nil defit tamen, T.: pecuniam facere cum posset, non statuit: cum aquae vim vehat ingentem (Druentia), non tamen navium patiens est, L.: patrem meum, cum proscriptus non esset, ingulastis: quam causam dixerat, cum annos ad quinquaginta natus esset?

    Latin-English dictionary > cum or (earlier) quom (not quum)

  • 15 fīnis

        fīnis is, m (often f in sing., C., V., H., O.)    [2 FID-], that which divides, a boundary, limit, border: loci: imperi, S.: haud procul Argivorum fine positis castris, L.: arbiter Nolanis de finibus: inter eos finīs, quos feci, L.— A mark, starting-point, goal: finibus omnes Prosiluere suis, V.: trans finem iaculo expedito, H.: Solus superest in fine, at the goal, V.— Borders, territory, land, country: iter in Santonum finīs facere, Cs.: his finibus eiectus sum, S.: alienos populari finīs, L.: Atlanteus, the remote land of Atlas, H.—Abl. with gen, up to, as far as: matres pectoris fine prominentes, Cs.: Fine genūs succincta, O.—Fig., a limit, bound: ingeni sui fines: finem aequitatis transire: finem potentia caeli Non habet, O.: sunt certi denique fines, H.: intra Naturae finīs vivere, H.— An end, termination, close, conclusion, period, stop: finem iniuriis facturus, Cs.: orandi finem face, T.: scribendi: vitae: orationi finem facere: operum, H.: Imperium sine fine, everlasting, V.: Poscens sine fine Oscula, O.: usque ad eum finem, dum, etc., until the time when: quem ad finem sese iactabit audacia? till when?: quem ad finem? how long? —An end, death: invidiam supremo fine domari, H.: quem tibi Finem di dederint, H.— An end, extremity, highest point, greatest degree, summit: omnia: fines bonorum et malorum, i. e. supreme good and evil: honorum: aequi iuris, Ta.— An end, purpose, aim, object: domūs finis est usus: Quae finis standi? V.
    * * *
    boundary, end, limit, goal; (pl.) country, territory, land

    Latin-English dictionary > fīnis

  • 16 alea

    ālĕa, ae, f. [of uncer. origin; Curtius asserts an obscure connection with the words for bone; Sanscr. asthi; Zend, açti; Gr. osteon; Lat. os (ossis)].
    I.
    A game with dice, and in gen., a game of hazard or chance. There were among the Romans two kinds of dice, tesserae and tali, Cic. Sen. 16, 58. The tesserae had six sides, which were marked with I. II. III. IV. V. VI.; the tali were rounded on two sides, and marked only on the other four. Upon one side there was one point, unio, an ace, like the ace on cards, called canis; on the opp. side, six points called senio, six, sice; on the two other sides, three and four points, ternio and quaternio. In playing, four tali were used, but only three tesserae. They were put into a box made in the form of a tower, with a strait neck, and wider below than above, called fritillus, turris, turricula, etc. This box was shaken, and the dice were thrown upon the gaming-board. The highest or most fortunate throw, called Venus, jactus Venereus or basilicus, was, of the tesserae, three sixes, and of the tali when they all came out with different numbers. The worst or lowest throw, called jactus pessimus or damnosus, canis or canicula, was, of the tesserae, three aces, and of the tali when they were all the same. The other throws were valued acc. to the numbers. When one of the tali fell upon the end (in caput) it was said rectus cadere, or assistere, Cic. Fin. 3, 16, 54, and the throw was repeated. While throwing the dice, it was customary for a person to express his wishes, to repeat the name of his mistress, and the like. Games of chance were prohibited by the Lex Titia et Publicia et Cornelia (cf. Hor. C. 3, 24, 58), except in the month of December, during the Saturnalia, Mart. 4, 14, 7; 5, 85; 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71; Dig. 11, 5. The character of gamesters, aleatores or aleones, was held as infamous in the time of Cicero, cf. Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 10; id. Phil. 2, 23, although there was much playing with aleae, and old men were esp. fond of this game, because it required little physical exertion, Cic. Sen. 16, 58; Suet. Aug. 71; Juv. 14, 4; cf.

    Jahn,

    Ov. Tr. 2, 471; Rupert. ad Tac. G. 24, 5:

    provocat me in aleam, ut ego ludam,

    Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 75.—Ludere aleā or aleam, also sometimes in aleā:

    in foro aleā ludere,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 23, 56; Dig. 11, 5, 1: ludit assidue aleam, Poët. ap. Suet. Aug. 70:

    aleam studiosissime lusit,

    Suet. Claud. 33; so id. Ner. 30; Juv. 8, 10:

    repetitio ejus, quod in aleā lusum est,

    Dig. 11, 5, 4.—Hence, in aleā aliquid perdere, Cic. Phil. 2, 13:

    exercere aleam,

    Tac. G. 24:

    indulgere aleae,

    Suet. Aug. 70:

    oblectare se aleā,

    id. Dom. 21:

    prosperiore aleā uti,

    to play fortunately, id. Calig. 41.— Trop.: Jacta alea esto, Let the die be cast! Let the game be ventured! the memorable exclamation of Cæsar when, at the Rubicon, after long hesitation, he finally decided to march to Rome, Suet. Caes. 32, ubi v. Casaub. and Ruhnk.—
    II.
    Transf., any thing uncertain or contingent, an accident, chance, hazard, venture, risk:

    alea domini vitae ac rei familiaris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 4:

    sequentes non aleam, sed rationem aliquam,

    id. ib. 1, 18:

    aleam inesse hostiis deligendis,

    Cic. Div. 2, 15:

    dare summam rerum in aleam,

    to risk, Liv. 42, 59:

    in dubiam imperii servitiique aleam ire,

    fortune, chance, id. 1, 23:

    alea belli,

    id. 37, 36:

    talibus admissis alea grandis inest,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 376:

    periculosae plenum opus aleae,

    Hor. C. 2, 1, 6: M. Tullius extra omnem ingenii aleam positus, raised above all doubt of his talents, Plin. praef. § 7: emere aleam, in the Pandects, to purchase any thing uncertain, contingent, e. g. a draught of fishes, Dig. 18, 1, 8; so ib. 18, 4, 7.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > alea

  • 17 Cottianus

    Cottĭus, ii, m., the name of two kings of northern Italy, the father, who was a contemporary and friend of Augustus, Amm. 15, 10, 2 and 7, and the son (cf. Dio Cass. 60, 14), after whose death Nero made the country a Roman province, Suet. Ner. 18; id. Tib. 37; Aur. Vict. Caes. 5, 2.—Hence,
    II.
    Adjj.
    1.
    Cottĭus, a, um, Cottian: Alpes Cottiae, the Cottian Alps, west of Augusta Taurinorum, whose highest point is Alpis Cottia, now Mont Genèvre, Tac. H. 1, 87; Amm. 15, 10, 2.—
    2.
    Cottĭānus, a, um, the same:

    civitates,

    Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 135:

    Alpes,

    Tac. H. 1, 61; 4, 68.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cottianus

  • 18 Cottius

    Cottĭus, ii, m., the name of two kings of northern Italy, the father, who was a contemporary and friend of Augustus, Amm. 15, 10, 2 and 7, and the son (cf. Dio Cass. 60, 14), after whose death Nero made the country a Roman province, Suet. Ner. 18; id. Tib. 37; Aur. Vict. Caes. 5, 2.—Hence,
    II.
    Adjj.
    1.
    Cottĭus, a, um, Cottian: Alpes Cottiae, the Cottian Alps, west of Augusta Taurinorum, whose highest point is Alpis Cottia, now Mont Genèvre, Tac. H. 1, 87; Amm. 15, 10, 2.—
    2.
    Cottĭānus, a, um, the same:

    civitates,

    Plin. 3, 20, 24, § 135:

    Alpes,

    Tac. H. 1, 61; 4, 68.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Cottius

  • 19 praeceps

    praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].
    I.
    Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):

    praecipitem trahi,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:

    aliquem praecipitem deicere,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:

    praeceps ad terram datus,

    dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:

    praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,

    Ov. M. 12, 128:

    hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,

    threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:

    aliquem in praeceps jacere,

    headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,

    jacto in praeceps corpore,

    id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:

    in praeceps deferri,

    Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:

    abiit grex per praeceps in mare,

    Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:

    de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,

    Cat. 17, 9:

    se jacere praecipitem e vertice,

    id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:

    ab equo praeceps decidit,

    Ov. Ib. 259:

    (apes) praecipites Cadunt,

    Verg. G. 4, 80:

    aliquem praecipitem agere,

    to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:

    praecipites se fugae mandabant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 24:

    Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,

    Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:

    praeceps amensque cucurri,

    Ov. M. 7, 844:

    praeceps Fertur,

    is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:

    nuntii,

    Tac. H. 2, 6.—
    B.
    Transf., of inanim. things.
    1.
    Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:

    in declivi ac praecipiti loco,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 33:

    via (opp. plana),

    Cic. Fl. 42, 105:

    saxa,

    Liv. 38, 23:

    fossae,

    Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:

    iter,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.

    trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,

    Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:

    loci,

    Col. 1, 2:

    mons,

    Plin. Pan. 16.—
    b.
    Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:

    turrim in praecipiti stantem,

    Verg. A. 2, 460:

    specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,

    Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:

    in praeceps pervenitur,

    Vell. 2, 3, 4:

    immane,

    Juv. 10, 107:

    altissimum,

    App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:

    in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,

    Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—
    2.
    Sinking, declining:

    (in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,

    Col. 5, 6, 33:

    sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,

    Verg. G. 3, 359:

    jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,

    Liv. 10, 42:

    dies,

    id. 4, 9; cf.:

    senectus,

    Curt. 6, 5, 3. —
    3.
    In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;

    syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:

    Boreas,

    Ov. M. 2, 185:

    nox,

    fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:

    procella,

    Stat. Th. 5, 419:

    oceani fragor,

    Val. Fl. 3, 404:

    letum,

    Sen. Hippol. 262:

    remedium,

    Curt. 3, 6, 2.—
    II.
    Trop., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate.
    A.
    In gen. (class.):

    noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:

    sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,

    almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:

    agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,

    chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:

    praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,

    to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:

    quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,

    am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:

    praeceps celeritas dicendi,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:

    SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,

    sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:

    homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:

    praeceps consilium et immaturum,

    Suet. Aug. 8:

    cogitatio,

    id. Calig. 48:

    audacia,

    Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—
    2.
    Inclined to any thing:

    praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,

    Liv. 26, 38:

    praeceps ingenio in iram,

    id. 23, 7:

    animus ad flagitia praeceps,

    Tac. A. 16, 21.—
    3.
    Dangerous, hazardous, critical:

    in tam praecipiti tempore,

    Ov. F. 2, 400.—Hence,
    b.
    Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.
    (α).
    Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:

    se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,

    brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:

    levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:

    aeger est in praecipiti,

    Cels. 2, 6.—
    (β).
    The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):

    omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,

    at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:

    debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,

    to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.
    1.
    Lit.:

    aliquem praeceps trahere,

    Tac. A. 4, 62:

    ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:

    moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,

    Tac. A. 4, 62:

    toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,

    Verg. A. 4, 253.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,

    brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:

    praeceps in exsilium acti,

    suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praeceps

  • 20 sum

        sum (2d pers. es, or old ēs; old subj praes. siem, siēs, siet, sient, for sim, etc., T.; fuat for sit, T., V., L.; imperf. often forem, forēs, foret, forent, for essem, etc.; fut. escunt for erunt, C.), fuī (fūvimus for fuimus, Enn. ap. C.), futūrus ( inf fut. fore or futūrum esse, C.), esse    [ES-; FEV-]. —    I. As a predicate, asserting existence, to be, exist, live: ut id aut esse dicamus aut non esse: flumen est Arar, quod, etc., Cs.: homo nequissimus omnium qui sunt, qui fuerunt: arbitrari, me nusquam aut nullum fore: fuimus Troes, fuit Ilium, V.—Of place, to be, be present, be found, stay, live: cum non liceret Romae quemquam esse: cum essemus in castris: deinceps in lege est, ut, etc.: erat nemo, quicum essem libentius quam tecum: sub uno tecto esse, L.—Of circumstances or condition, to be, be found, be situated, be placed: Sive erit in Tyriis, Tyrios laudabis amictūs, i. e. is attired, O.: in servitute: in magno nomine et gloriā: in vitio: Hic in noxiāst, T.: in pace, L.: (statua) est et fuit totā Graeciā summo honore: ego sum spe bonā: rem illam suo periculo esse, at his own risk: omnem reliquam spem in impetu esse equitum, L.—In 3 d pers., followed by a pron rel., there is (that) which, there are (persons) who, there are (things) which, some.—With indic. (the subject conceived as definite): est quod me transire oportet, there is a (certain) reason why I must, etc., T.: sunt item quae appellantur alces, there are creatures also, which, etc., Cs.: sunt qui putant posse te non decedere, some think: Sunt quibus in satirā videor nimis acer, H.—With subj. (so usu. in prose, and always with a subject conceived as indefinite): sunt, qui putent esse mortem... sunt qui censeant, etc.: est isdem de rebus quod dici possit subtilius: sunt qui Crustis et pomis viduas venentur avaras, H.—With dat, to belong, pertain, be possessed, be ascribed: fingeret fallacias, Unde esset adulescenti amicae quod daret, by which the youth might have something to give, T.: est igitur homini cum deo similitudo, man has some resemblance: Privatus illis census erat brevis, H.: Troia et huic loco nomen est, L.—Ellipt.: Nec rubor est emisse palam (sc. ei), nor is she ashamed, O.: Neque testimoni dictio est (sc. servo), has no right to be a witness, T.—With cum and abl of person, to have to do with, be connected with: tecum nihil rei nobis est, we have nothing to do with you, T.: si mihi tecum minus esset, quam est cum tuis omnibus.—With ab and abl of person, to be of, be the servant of, follow, adhere to, favor, side with: Ab Andriā est ancilla haec, T.: sed vide ne hoc, Scaevola, totum sit a me, makes for me.— With pro, to be in favor of, make for: (iudicia) partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse.—With ex, to consist of, be made up of: (creticus) qui est ex longā et brevi et longā: duo extremi chorei sunt, id est, e singulis longis et brevibus.— To be real, be true, be a fact, be the case, be so: sunt ista, Laeli: est ut dicis, inquam: verum esto: esto, granted, V.—Esp. in phrases, est ut, it is the case that, is true that, is possible that, there is reason for: sin est, ut velis Manere illam apud te, T.: est, ut id maxime deceat: futurum esse ut omnes pellerentur, Cs.: magis est ut ipse moleste ferat errasse se, quam ut reformidet, etc., i. e. he has more reason for being troubled... than for dreading, etc.: ille erat ut odisset defensorem, etc., he certainly did hate.—In eo esse ut, etc., to be in a condition to, be possible that, be about to, be on the point of ( impers. or with indef subj.): cum iam in eo esset, ut in muros evaderet miles, when the soldiers were on the point of scaling, L.: cum res non in eo essent ut, etc., L.—Est ubi, there is a time when, sometimes: est, ubi id isto modo valeat.—Est quod, there is reason to, is occasion to: etsi magis est, quod gratuler tibi, quam quod te rogem, I have more reason to: est quod referam ad consilium: sin, etc., L.: non est quod multa loquamur, H.—Est cur, there is reason why: quid erat cur Milo optaret, etc., what cause had Milo for wishing? etc.—With inf, it is possible, is allowed, is permitted, one may: Est quādam prodire tenus, si non datur ultra, H.: scire est liberum Ingenium atque animum, T.: neque est te fallere quicquam, V.: quae verbo obiecta, verbo negare sit, L.: est videre argentea vasa, Ta.: fuerit mihi eguisse aliquando tuae amicitiae, S.—Of events, to be, happen, occur, befall, take place: illa (solis defectio) quae fuit regnante Romulo: Amabo, quid tibi est? T.: quid, si... futurum nobis est? L.— To come, fall, reach, be brought, have arrived: ex eo tempore res esse in vadimonium coepit: quae ne in potestatem quidem populi R. esset, L.—    II. As a copula, to be: et praeclara res est et sumus otiosi: non sum ita hebes, ut istud dicam: Nos numerus sumus, a mere number, H.: sic, inquit, est: est ut dicis: frustra id inceptum Volscis fuit, L.: cum in convivio comiter et iucunde fuisses: quod in maritimis facillime sum, am very glad to be.—With gen part., to be of, belong to: qui eiusdem civitatis fuit, N.: qui Romanae partis erant, L.: ut aut amicorum aut inimicorum Campani simus, L.— With gen possess., to belong to, pertain to, be of, be the part of, be peculiar to, be characteristic of, be the duty of: audiant eos, quorum summa est auctoritas apud, etc., who possess: ea ut civitatis Rhodiorum essent, L.: Aemilius, cuius tum fasces erant, L.: plebs novarum rerum atque Hannibalis tota esse, were devoted to, L.: negavit moris esse Graecorum, ut, etc.—With pron possess.: est tuum, Cato, videre quid agatur: fuit meum quidem iam pridem rem p. lugere.—With gerundive: quae res evertendae rei p. solerent esse, which were the usual causes of ruin to the state: qui utilia ferrent, quaeque aequandae libertatis essent, L.— With gen. or abl. of quality, to be of, be possessed of, be characterized by, belong to, have, exercise: nimium me timidum, nullius consili fuisse confiteor: Sulla gentis patriciae nobilis fuit, S.: civitas magnae auctoritatis, Cs.: refer, Cuius fortunae (sit), H.: nec magni certaminis ea dimicatio fuit, L.: bellum variā victoriā fuit, S.: tenuissimā valetudine esse, Cs.: qui capite et superciliis semper est rasis.—With gen. or abl. of price or value, to be of, be valued at, stand at, be appreciated, cost: videtur esse quantivis preti, T.: ager nunc multo pluris est, quam tunc fuit: magni erunt mihi tuae litterae: sextante sal et Romae et per totam Italiam erat, was worth, L.—With dat predic., to express definition or purpose, to serve for, be taken as, be regarded as, be felt to be: vitam hanc rusticam tu probro et crimini putas esse oportere, ought to be regarded as: eo natus sum ut Iugurthae scelerum ostentui essem, S.: ipsa res ad levandam annonam impedimento fuerat, L.—With second dat of pers.: quo magis quae agis curae sunt mihi, T.: illud Cassianum, ‘cui bono fuerit,’ the inquiry of Cassius, ‘ for whose benefit was it ’: haec tam parva civitas praedae tibi et quaestui fuit.— To be sufficient for, be equal to, be fit: sciant patribus aeque curae fuisse, ne, etc., L.: ut divites conferrent, qui oneri ferendo essent, such as were able to bear the burden, L.: cum solvendo aere (old dat. for aeri) alieno res p. non esset, L.—With ellips. of aeri: tu nec solvendo eras, wast unable to pay.—With ad, to be of use for, serve for: res quae sunt ad incendia, Cs.: valvae, quae olim ad ornandum templum erant maxime.—With de, to be of, treat concerning, relate to: liber, qui est de animo.—In the phrase, id est, or hoc est, in explanations, that is, that is to say, I mean: sed domum redeamus, id est ad nostros revertamur: vos autem, hoc est populus R., etc., S.
    * * *
    highest, the top of; greatest; last; the end of

    Latin-English dictionary > sum

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